Have you ever looked in the mirror and noticed that your teeth seem longer than they used to be? Or maybe you’ve felt a sudden, sharp pain when you drink something cold? These are common signs of a problem called gum recession.
Gum recession is what happens when the pink gum tissue that surrounds your teeth wears away or pulls back, exposing more of your tooth’s root. This isn’t just a cosmetic issue. It can cause sensitive teeth and make the roots more vulnerable to decay.
By understanding what causes gums to recede, you can take steps to protect your smile. Let’s walk through the most common causes together.
Why Are My Gums Pulling Back? Understanding the Causes of Gum Recession
Cause #1: The Battle of Brushing
It might seem strange, but both not brushing enough and brushing too hard can lead to the same problem.
When we don’t brush and floss regularly, a sticky, colorless film of bacteria called plaque builds up on our teeth. If it isn’t removed, it hardens into a substance called tartar that can only be removed by a dental professional. This tartar irritates and inflames your gums, a condition called gingivitis. Over time, this inflammation causes the gums to slowly pull away from the teeth.
On the other hand, if you’re a very enthusiastic brusher, you might be causing harm with good intentions. Scrubbing your teeth and gums aggressively with a hard-bristled toothbrush can actually wear away your enamel and irritate the delicate gum tissue, causing it to recede. Think of it like scrubbing a delicate countertop with a rough brush. You can wear away the finish.
The key is gentle, thorough cleaning. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle, circular motions, holding the brush at a 45-degree angle toward your gums.
Cause #2: Gum Disease
This is one of the most serious and common causes of gum recession. Gum disease is an infection of the tissues that hold your teeth in place. It often starts as gingivitis, red and swollen gums that bleed easily, and can progress to a more severe stage called periodontitis.
In periodontitis, the bacteria in plaque release toxins that break down the gum tissue and the bone that supports your teeth. As this bone is destroyed, the gums naturally recede. Because this damage can happen underneath the surface, you should have regular dental checkups to catch it early.
Cause #3: The Genes You’re Born With
Sometimes, the tendency for gum recession can run in families. Just like you might inherit your mother’s eye color or your father’s height, you can also inherit thinner or more delicate gum tissue. If your parents have experienced gum recession, you may be more susceptible, even with excellent oral care. Knowing this can help you and your dentist be extra proactive about protecting your smile.
Cause #4: Grinding and Clenching Your Teeth
Do you ever wake up with a sore jaw or a headache? You might be clenching or grinding your teeth at night, a condition called bruxism. This habit puts an enormous amount of force on your teeth, their supporting bones, and your gums.
Over time, this constant, excessive pressure can force the gums to recede. A custom-made night guard from your dentist can protect your smile while you sleep.
Cause #5: Crooked Teeth or a Misaligned Bite
When teeth are crooked or don’t come together properly, it can create uneven pressure on the gums and jawbone. Just like a misaligned wheel on a car wears down the tire faster, a misaligned tooth can wear down the gum tissue around it. Orthodontic treatments like braces or clear aligners can straighten your teeth, which often helps create a healthier environment for your gums.
Cause #6: Hormonal Changes
Hormones can have a powerful effect on your gums. Women, in particular, may notice their gums become more sensitive, swollen, or prone to recession during times of hormonal fluctuation, such as during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause. The gums become more reactive to the irritants in plaque, making consistent oral hygiene especially important during these life stages.
Cause #7: The Aftermath of an Injury
A specific injury to the mouth, like a sports accident or a fall, can damage the gum tissue in one specific area and cause it to recede. Furthermore, habits like chewing on pens, pencils, or even your fingernails can put repetitive pressure on one tooth and cause localized gum recession over time.
Taking the Next Step for Your Smile in Knoxville, TN
If you’re noticing signs of gum recession, the most important thing you can do is not ignore it. Understanding the cause is the first step toward an effective solution. At East Tennessee Periodontics, we specialize in the health of your gums. We can help you figure out what’s causing your recession and create a personalized plan to treat it and protect your smile for the future.
You don’t have to live with sensitive teeth or worry about your gums. Contact Dr. Cain and our friendly team in Knoxville, TN, today to schedule a consultation. Give us a call at (865) 276-7173 today. Let’s work together to get your gum health back on track.
